In order to be able analyzed the plot well; it needs a hard effort in understanding the elements of the plot itself. Moreover, we are the students of English Department, required to be able in using English grammatically in analyzing plot. At least we can explain it to the reader effectively and our expressionist acceptable.
As a learner, it is better not to waste the time, but always try to develop our ability in analyzing plot as a part of our literature. Let’s study well; starting from the smallest part and step by step we try to do the bigger thing.Sabtu, 08 September 2007
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion
Based on the data analysis above, then it can be concluded that the plot of the story of the novel entitle Heartbeat by Danielle Steel (1999), like the other fictional works, consists of its structure, among those; beginning structure, middle structure, and ending structure. Each of those structures is build up by several literary components.
In the beginning structure of the plot of this novel, there are several literary components exposed by the narrator of this novel. The first thing exposed at this structure of this novel are some of the characters of this novel. The character exposed here are the main character, secondary character, and the complementary character of the story, in edition to the character, something exposed as well as at the beginning structure of the story are about the place setting and the time setting.
Further it can be stated that the thing narrated by the author of the story in this novel entitle Heartbeat by Danielle steel at the middle structure of this novel especially at the very beginning of the middle structure, are about the conflict of social relationship between the main character with other character acted as his wife.
Further it can be stated that the thing narrated by the author of the story in this novel entitle Heartbeat by Danielle steel at the middle structure of this novel especially at the mid of the middle structure of the story are the complication of psychological of the main character.
Next the things exposed at the end of the middle structure of the story in this novel are about the climax of the social relationship between the main character and other character acted as the second character named Adrian Thomson.
Further, the things depicted at the end of the story are also about the social relationship between the main characters with the second character.
Plot of this novel is progressive plot because the story had been told in chronologically, the first events followed by the next events. Or in other words the story was told base on the sequence of events, started from beginning, middle and ending.4.3.4 The end
The End is the phase where the story is finish or stop. Where the conclusion of the story show up, low intensity point and the problem solve and the writer tells about what happen with the characters and also the effect from the climax.
When Bill Thigpen have first come to California, when he still feel so painful of leaving Leslie and his boys, he decide to make a serious relationship with other girl , the girl names Adrian, a girl who have marriage but she was left by her husband. He remembered that she have ever been met with this girl Safeway. At that time Bill almost run her down with his cart. Adrian very happy because she felt that Bill is a kind man and friendly, they talked very much and Bill also tells about his sons Adam and Tommy. Finally now they have officially met, they seem to run into each other everywhere, in the elevator, the parking lot, and they have even run into each other again in the Safeway. And Bill begins to love
‘Why didn’t you tell me what was happening before that?’
‘I don’t know, Bill. I was embarrassed, I guess. It’s just … I just felt like such a failure when Steven left me.’ He nodded, he understood that, but it would have saved him some grief had she told him. For the first time in his life, he had actually been considering putting the make on the married woman, and he had been wrestling with himself for days. She could have spared him that, but it didn’t matter now. And she looked a lot better. The shock had worn off, and he hadn’t seen her cry since the first day. She was made of strong stuff. Much stronger than he even dreamed of (P: 218-219)
From the quotation above, we also can know that Adrian very shock caused left by her husband, but from the data above we can know that her shock have worn off. From the quotation above, it maybe prominent for me to explain that Bill Thigpen want to deepen his relation with
The boys arrived two days later, on Wednesday afternoon, and Bill went to pick them up at the airport, he have asked Adrian to come along, but she didn’t want to bother their meeting and the boys is also have not know who she is yet. And Bill introduces his boys to
They have dinner in the dining room of the ranch and take the boys back to the cottage to take bath and watching TV and Bill asked his boys to go to bed at nine o clock. Bill and Adrian still talking until late, and the quotation bellow tells us about Bill wants to tell Adrian seriously about his love, that he loves Adrian very much. This situation could be seen in the quotation bellow:
‘I’m serious, too,
From the estimate above, we can know that
When they were in Lake Tahoe,
‘We don’t know yet.’ He looked even more serious then as he looked at Bill. ‘And given the extent of her injuries, it’s a distinct possibility that she could lose the baby.’ Bill stared at him in stupefaction he said it (P: 274-275)
In the quotation above we can know that Bill very surprise hear the doctor’s explanation, he realizes that this problem concealed by
‘It wouldn’t changed anything.’ He smiled then, and set down next to her, never taking his eyes off her. ‘It’s a little unusual, I admit, but hell, to a guy who writes soap operas for a living, did you really thing I couldn’t understand it?’ she smiled and then coughed, as he held her, and then laid her gently back down on the pillows (P: 281).
‘I know, I know.’ He slammed a fist on the kitchen table and she jumped. ‘The baby has a right to its natural father, right? I’ve heard it before. But what if his or her father ‘natural father’ is an asshole? Then what? Wouldn’t it be simpler to just let it go now? (P: 353-354)
From the reference above we can know that Bill very angry with Adrian, he want Adrian can face it, that Steven have leaved her already, divorce her through his lawyer and let his right of the baby without ever seeing it. And he wants Adrian to forget Steven forever because Bill already felt that the baby was his, but Adrian just want to be sure that Steven didn’t change his mind and want the baby. She thought he should at least see it when it was born and Bill didn’t like the
After so long Bill Thigpen makes a relationship with Adrian, he feel so sure that He loves Adrian so much, Adrian can make him to forget the all of his bad experience life when he live with Leslie before. The End phase is begins when
He looked at
‘He’s perfectly,’ the doctor announced, doing a little sewing on
After
‘Don’t be.’ She felt free finally, looking at him, and she was doubly glad she had called him. He was honest with her, there was nothing for him to lose now. ‘I wasn’t ready for this’
From the data above, we can know that Steven honestly told Adrian that he hasn’t ready yet to excepting his baby no matter how intriguing the beauty of the baby. When they were talking, suddenly Bill Thigpen came, and saw them. But Bill went out and told
After Steven has gone,
‘We’re getting married a few next days,’
‘It’s about time.’ She pretended to scowl at him, flashing the ring he had given her for Christmas.
‘I want name on Sam’s birth certificate,’ Bill said most sternly.
‘How about Samuel William Thigpen,’ she supplied with a say smile, and he leaned over and kissed her.
‘It’ll do . . . ‘he smiled. ‘It’ll do,’ pulling her close to him again, and filling heart next to his, with a single heartbeat (P: 432).4.3.3 Climax
Climax is the moment of highest tension, when the story turns toward its solution. The climax is fetched when the complication attains its highest the story is intensity, from which point to the outcome of story is inevitable. Climax is generally present by the author in the end of the middle part of the story of a narrative work.
Bill nearly want to cry, he have been a fool, he have busy to much until forget about his family, but he have started to do that as a way to survive when he have starving in New York years before, and the unfairness of what Leslie was doing to Bill Thigpen made him suddenly become very angry. It could be seen in the quotation bellow:
‘Alright … all right … so I work too hard …so I’m a terrible father … or a bastard or a rotten husband or all of the above, but for chrissake, Les, for years we were starving to death, and now look, you can have anything you want, and so can they. We can send them to decent schools one day, we can give them everything we wanted to, we can send them to collage. Is that so terrible? So OK, we’ve had a few hard years and now it’s going to get better. And now you are going to walk out before it does? What timing.’ He stared at her, tears brimming in his own eyes as he held out a hand to her.’ Baby, I love you … please don’t do this … ‘but she didn’t move toward him, and she lowered her eyes so she couldn’t see the pain in his (P: 18)
The course above gives us the description that Bill so angry and very disappointed of what Leslie was doing to him. Although Bill do hope to her but she didn’t care anymore. Actually Leslie knew that Bill love her so much, and she knew better than anyone how much he love the boys. But it didn’t change her desire, she knew that for her own sake, she have to do what she was planted, that there was another teacher at Juilliard whom she was very loves. She hadn’t carried on affair, and Bill knew her well enough to believe that she have been faithful to him. But she was falling in love with the guy and that was part of her reason for leaving. She wants to be free pursuing her relationship with him without guilt, or Bill Thigpen. She and her teacher friend everything in common, she insisted, and she and Bill longer did, except their children.
In this novel narrated that finally Bill and Leslie be disjointing, because Bill can not leave his job and Leslie keep her desire to stay in New York, she knew that Bill loved her and their sons so much, but not by way like that, she wanted a husband went to work at nine o’clock, and came home at six, ready to talk to her, to play with the kids, to help her to cook dinner and take her to a movie. Not someone who worked straight through the night and then rushed out of the house exhausted and wild eyed at ten a.m. Bill fill very sorrowful with their apart, because separated with peoples who he loved, but Leslie said that she will permit their boys to visit him in California on the holiday. He went to
The next two months were an agony that still made him cry when he thought of it. Telling the boys, Helping them move to an apartment on the west side before he left. His first night alone in the loft with out them, again and again he thought of giving up the show, and bagging her to take him back, but it was clear that the door was closed now, never to be reopened. And he discovered, before he left, that there was another teacher at Juilliard whom she was ‘very fond of.’ She hadn’t carried on an affair, and Bill knew her well enough to believe that she had been faithful to him, but she was falling in love with gay and that was part of her reason for leaving. She wanted to be free to pursue her relationship with him without guilt, or Bill Thigpen. She and her teacher friend had everything I common, she insisted, and she and Bill no longer did, except their children. Adam had been heartbroken to see him go, but at two and a half he had readjusted pretty quickly. And Tommy was only eight months old and seemed not to know difference. Only Bill felt it as tears filled his eyes and run slowly down his cheeks as the plane soared slowly over New York and headed for California (P: 20-21).
4.3.2 Complication
Taken from William Kenney’s book, complication is a just as development to studies the conflict latent in the initial situation. So, it is a development to word climax latent in the initial.
Bill very disappointed with Leslie, and finally he decides to go to
When he had first come to
The paragraph above gives us information that Bill fall in love with a girl, she is a lady director, but it just a links which intend just to be made for fun, because he wants to forget about his wife Leslie who was slander him.
More recently, Bill had gotten involved one of the actresses on the show, Sylvia a pretty girl from
4.3 Middle
Middle phase is a phase where the writer shows the reader the conflict, from the conflict started until the climax of the story. Based on Kenney (1966) in middle phase there are conflict, complication and also climax. And it will be explained bellow in analysis.
4.3.1 Conflict
Conflict is we move from the end of beginning to the beginning of the middle as the elements tending to wards instability in the initial group themselves into what we recognize as the pattern of conflict (Kenney, 1966: 17).
The conflict shows up by the narrator in this novel when the quarrel between main character that is Bill Thigpen with other character that is his wife, when the TV program of Bill Thigpen won two critics award and an Emmy. After the show won the first Emmy, the network suggested they move the show to
‘I can’t, Bill. I’m not going. She looked up at him quietly, her big brown eyes as gentle and childlike as when he’d met her with her dance bag in her hand in out side theater when she was twenty (P: 14).
The quotations of data above give us information that Leslie refuse to move to
‘But why? What are you saying, Les? You don’t want to leave
From the quote above, I can explain that Bill very sorrowful, he not understands what his wife wants and why she refused accompanied him move to
‘Leslie, give it a chance, baby, please… give me a chance. It’ll be great in
4.2.2 Time setting
In the next discussion, I would like to expose a little bit about the time setting in the novel entitle Heartbeat by Danielle Steel. I will see it from year, month, day, date, and hour of the action occurred and some other time signs which are closely related in building this story.
The main character depicted in this novel is as the producer of the most successful daytime soap on American TV, he is always busy to finish the manuscript of his show, whenever he was worried about the show, he stopped, wrote a segment or two, turned everything upside down and then he was happy. It can be seen in the following quotation:
A quick fix with a pen as he leapt to his feet, and grabbed handfuls of what he had been working on for the past seven hours, since five o’clock in the morning (P: 9)
The paragraph above is called time setting, because it shows us about the time. It can be seen from the words the past seven hour, since five o’clock in the morning. It shows about the time when Bill Thigpen types the manuscript of his show. Next the last time setting exposed in the beginning structure in this novel is the time setting is about when his show was stopped. It could be seen in the quotation bellow:
And an instant outcry when the show disappeared again in September, Within two months, a life worth living was back and Bill Thigpen was…….(P: 11)
4.2 Exposition of setting
As explain in the previous chapter, setting is as one of important elements of novel is the element of primary importance in particular author. Setting refers to the point in time and space in which the events of the plot occur.
4.2.1 Place setting
The setting is related to the place where the action of the story takes place. Place setting will influence in forming the characteristic of the character. Place setting is as important as time setting. Place setting will make the story logical and alive.
The author of the story usually gives a name to the place in the relation to the geographical location. In the novel Heartbeat by Danielle Steel, the most of the story took place in united state of America, such as New York, Los Angles, California and other places, For more specific location such as in the office, in the hotel, in the garden, in the apartment and many more. Here I would like to give a little bit analysis about place setting.
The setting of the story exposed at the beginning structure of the story of Danielle Steel’s Heartbeat (1999) is the place setting where the main Character was working. It could be seen in the following quotation:
The sound of ancient typewriter sang out staccato in the silence of the room, as a cloud of blue smoke hung over the corner where Bill Thigpen was working (P: 9).
From the announcement above, we can see that it belongs to place setting, because we can find from the sentence the sound of ancient typewriter sang out staccato in the silence of the room, where the room is part of building especially it related to an office where Bill Thigpen was working. Next the place setting exposed in the beginning structure in this novel is the place setting Where Bill lives with his family. It could be seen in the quotation bellow:
He had started out writing plays on off-off Broadway, and in those days he had been a purist. The theater above all. But he had also been married, living in Soho in
The sentences in the quotation above is a part of place setting, it can be seen in the word living in
It was after the show’s first Emmy that the network suggested they moved the show to
4.1.1 Exposition of characters
As explained above, character is divided into three that are main character, secondary character, and complementary character. Those will be analyzed one by one bellow.
As explained above that Main character is categorized as the important one in the creation of a story and appears continually, the continual appearance in the story in this caused the reason that he seems to determine almost the whole part of the story. Shortly, main character is a character consistently supports the author’s idea, has much more portrayal than the other characters. In other words, main character is involved in the greatest part of the story rather than the other characters.
The main character acted in Danielle Steel’s Heartbeat (1991) is an American man called Bill Thigpen. Further the cases related to this main character exposed by the narrator of the story of this novel at the beginning structure are, as shown in the novel in the following quotation is about condition his physical condition. It could be seen in the following quotation:
His graying brown hair looked as though he had slept and woken several times and never remembered to comb it. The face was clean-shaven and kind, the lines strong, and yet something about him very gentle. He was not a man clearly defined by handsome, yet he seems strong, appealing, worth more than a second glance, a man one would have liked to spend time with. (P: 9)
Based on the quotation above, it can be analyzed here that the main character narrated in the quotation of the story of this novel above is about the main character called Bill Thigpen. The narration of this character occur at the beginning structure of the plot, in the quotation above, this main character is depicted as a man with graying brown hair and he was not a man clearly defined by handsome but he was liked by many people to spend the time as a result of his good appearance.
Further the thing related to the main character exposed by the narrator of the story of this novel at the beginning structure of the plot as shown in the following quotation is about his profession as an originator of the most successfully daytime soap on TV.
As the originator of the most successfully daytime soap on TV, whenever he was worried about the show, he stooped, wrote a segment or two, turned everything up side down, and then he was happy. His agent called him the most neurotic mother on TV, but he has also known he was the best. Bill Thigpen has an unfailing instinct for what made his show work, and he had never been wrong. Not so far (P: 10).
Concerning to the data above, it can be analyzed here that Bill Thigpen always wants done his works perfectly and he has an unfailing instinct for what made his show work, and he had never been wrong. Further the thing related to the main character exposed by the narrator of the story of this novel at the beginning structure of the plot as shown in this novel in the following quotation is about the name of his TV program. It could be seen in the following quotation.
A life worth living was still the hottest daytime soap on American TV and it was William Thigpen’s baby (P: 10).
With regard to quotation above, it can be explained here that the name of Bill Thigpen’s TV program is A Life Worth Living, Further the thing related to the main character exposed by the narrator of the story of this novel at the beginning structure of the plot as shown in this novel in the following quotation is about his social life, it could be seen in the quotation bellow:
He had started it as a way to survive when he had been starving in
From the quotation of the data above, it can be explained here about Bill Thigpen’s life which starving in
Further the thing connected to the main character exposed by the narrator of the story of this novel at the beginning structure of the plot as shown in this novel in the following quotation is about the birth of his baby and the show almost at the same time. It could be seen in the quotation bellow:
And the baby, Adam, and the show had been born at almost the same time, one a strapping nine-pound baby bay with his father’s big blue eyes and a mist of golden curls…….(P: 11)
The data above applicable to the main character depicted at the beginning structure of the plot of Danielle Steel’s Heartbeat (1991) is about the birth of his baby and the show almost at the same time. Two year later their second son was born, and the program had won two critic’s awards and an Emmy. It was after the show’s first Emmy that the network suggested they moved the show to
Next I would like to description the secondary character, as explained above; secondary character is the character that has an important role also in the story because a secondary character gives influence the role of the main character very much. The secondary character in this novel is
Her own were at the opposite extreme, from an upper – middle – class family in Connecticut, she had always gone to private schools, and she had one older sister (P: 48)
The data above interrelated to the secondary character depicted at the beginning structure of the plot of Danielle Steel’s Heartbeat (1991) is about her family’s background, and from the quotation we can knows that Adrian is a girl come from Connecticut, the quotation above also tells us that she has one older sister.
Next I would like to expose the complementary character. explained in the previous chapter, Complimentary character is the character that supports other character, in a story, the role the complimentary character however is less dominant that the secondary characters, their appearance is just to complete, serve and support the main character. The complementary character in this novel is Steven Thomson. Further the cases related to this main character exposed by the narrator of the story of this novel at the beginning structure are, as shown in the novel in the following quotation is about his physical condition.
He was handsome, athletic, outspoken, well educated, intelligent, bold, and some time a little too brassy. She had always admired his fire, his ambition, his drive, his energy, ….(P: 47)
Based on the data above, it can be analyzed here that Steven is a man who were determined to get what he wanted, who planed things out in great detail. Further the thing related to the complementary character exposed by the narrator of the story of this novel at the beginning structure of the plot as shown in this novel in the following quotation is about his marital status.
They had been married for almost three years, and the marriage had done them both good (P: 47).
The information above relevant to the complementary character depicted at the beginning structure of the plot of Danielle Steel’s Heartbeat (1991) is about his marital status. They had been married for almost three years. Further the thing related to the complementary character exposed by the narrator of the story of this novel at the beginning structure of the plot as shown in this novel in the following quotation is about his profession.
Steven had continued to rise in the agency meteorically in the past two and a half years, after moving to Los Angles twelve years before when he finished collage. He had worked in three different agencies over the years, and he was known in the industry as being smart, good at what he did, and more than occasionally ruthless. He had taken over clients from friends, and wooed them from other agencies in circumstances that occasionally bordered on the improper. But the agency where he worked never lost out from his maneuvers, nor did Steven. They were growing day by day, and so was Steven importance (P: 47)
ANALISYS
As described in the previous chapter, the narration of a story in fictional works is narrated chronologically. The chronologies narration of the story depicted in a fiction is called as plot of the story. Reminded again that plot of the story is structurally group into three divisions among those are beginning plot, middle plot, and the end plot, Suggested again that each of these plot structures is built up by its own literary component. Further, the analysis of the data of the beginning structure, middle structure and the ending structure of the story depicted in the novel entitle Heartbeat by Danielle Steel (1999) can be shown bellow:
4.1 Beginning structure
THE SYNOPSIS OF THE NOVEL
In this chapter I would like to give the synopsis of the novel Heartbeat by Danielle Steel.
Fundamentally, Steel’s Heartbeat tells us about the divorce between the main character and his wife and also the divorce between the secondary character called Adrian and her husband.
In this novel was narrated that Bill Thigpen is a producer of the most successful daytime soap on American TV, from this he had reached the top of his carrier. The name of the program is A Life Worth Living it was Bill Thigpen’s baby. He had started it as a way to survive when he had starving in
Narrated when he has arrived in
Next narrated in this novel that Bill Thigpen meets a girl called
2.3.2 Flash back plot
The series which tell the fiction which have the regressive plot not in chronological the story did not start from beginning but may be from the middle or from the end. Then continue by beginning. A fiction which have plot like this showing the conflict event or it can be a serious conflict. Event though the reader does not know about the introduction and problem which cause the conflict happens, which the story tells after the chronological event. A plot in fiction works which faced the reader with the serious conflict action directly put the reader in the middle of the conflict; it is called a plot in medias res. In the flash back plot we can write it in the scheme bellow:
D1—A—B—C—D2—E
D1 is the beginning of the story which tells about the conflict, A-B-C are the flash back of the story and tell about action before the conflict. D2 is the climax of the story the continued story from D1 and E is the conclusion or the end of the story. Flash back technique in the story can be done in many ways may be the writers asked the character to remembered his or her past of the other character or the writer tell it by himself. This technique is interesting because from the beginning the reader directly suspended, not like in the progressive plot, the reader past in the introduction first.
2.3 The types of plot
As a plot progresses, it arouses the expectation in the audience or reader about the future course of events or progressive and about the past event and experienced. There are two types of plot which is classified as following in subchapter.
2.3.1 Progressive plot
Plot in a novel could be called as a progressive if the story had told in chronological, The first action following by next action or in series the story start with beginning (introduction, generating circumstance), middle (rising action, climax), and the end (denouement). If we write in scheme form, in general the progressive will be liked:
A—B—C—D—E
2.2.3 The end
End is the phase where the story is finish or stop. Where the conclusion of the story show up, low intensity point and the problem solve and the writer tells about what happen with the characters and also the effect from the climax. This statement strongly by Burhan Nurgiyantoro in his book entitles Teori Pengkajian Fiksi. He says:
Tahap akhir sebuah cerita, atau juga dapat disebut sebagai tahap pelaraian, menampilkan adegan tertentu sebagai akibat klimaks. Jadi, bagian ini misalnya (antara lain) berisi bagaimana kesudahan cerita, atau menyaran pada hal bagaimanakah akhir sebuah cerita (Nurgiyantoro, 1995: 145-146).
From the paragraph above, it could be conclude that the end phase is also called denouement, consist of the ending of the story.
William Kenney defines that plot reveals event to use not only in their temporal, but also in their causal relationship. Plot makes us aware of event not only merely as element in temporal series but also as intricate pattern of cause an effect. By plot in fiction, then we mean not simply in events recounted in the story but the author’s arrangement of those events according to their relationship from the end of the beginning to the middle as the element standing instability in the initial situation group themselves into what we recognize as a pattern of conflict. The movement from the initial statement of conflict to the climax is often referred to as complication. The climax is reached when the complication attains its highest point of intensity, from which point the outcome of the story is inevitable. The end consists of everything from the climax to the denouement or outcome of the story.
After discuss about plot structure, bellow it will be explained about the types of plot.2.2.2 Middle
In the middle the actions or the events start move from one event to another. Internal conflict that happen inside the character itselves or external conflicts start to show. This statement strogly by Burhan Nurgiyantoro.
Tahap tengah cerita yang dapat juga disebut sebagai tahap pertikaian, menampilkan pertentangan dan atau konflik yang sudah mulai dimunculkan pada tahap sebelumnya, menjadi semakin meningkat, semakin menegangkan. Konflik yang dikisahkan, seperti yang telah dikemukakan diatas, dapat berupa konflik internal, konflik yang terjadi dalam diri seorang tokoh, konflik eksternal, konflik atau pertentangan yang terjadi antar tokoh cerita, antara tokoh (- tokoh) protagonist dengan tokoh ( - tokoh; dan kekuatan) antagonis, atau keduanya sekaligus. Dalam tahap tengah inilah klimaks ditampilkan, yaitu ketika konflik (utama) telah mencapai titik intensitas tertinggi.
Bagian tengah cerita merupakan bagian terpanjang dan terpenting dari karya fiksi yang bersangkutan. Pada bagian inilah inti cerita disajikan: tokoh-tokoh memainkan peran, peristiwa-peristiwa penting-fungsional dikisahkan, konflik berkebang semakin meruncing, menegangkan, dan mencapai klimaks, dan pada umumnya tema pokok, makna cerita pokok diungkapkan. Untuk mengidentifikasi apa konflik utama, mana peristiwa – fungsional – klimaks, dan apa tema dan atau makna utama cerita, diperlukan kajian yang jeli dan kritis. Singkatnya pada bagian inilah terutama pembaca memperoleh ‘’cerita’’, memperoleh sesuatu dari kegiatan membacanya (Nurgiyantoro, 1995:145).]
From the quotation above, then it could be concluded that the middle phase is the important one in a fiction works, in this phase the main story show up. Shortly in this phase the reader have ‘’the story’’ get something from reading activity.
Based on William Kinney (1966) in this phase consists conflict, complication and climax. Conflict, we move from the end of the beginning of the middle as the elements tending to wards instability in the initial situation group themselves into what we recognize as pattern of conflict.
Complication is the interplay between character and event that builds up a tension and develops a problem out of the original situation given in the story. In other word, it from the end of the beginning of the initial situation group themselves into what are recognize as a pattern of conflict (Kenney, 1966: 17). The movement from initial statement of conflict to the climax is often referred to as complication. Conflict may be external and internal; conflict may variously spiritual contest between antagonistic forces, internal conflict between aspects of personality, and external conflict between a person and external force, or another person, society, environment, nature, the universe, God etc.
Climax, is the moment of highest tension, when the story turns toward its solution. The climax is fetched when the complication attains its highest the story is intensity, from which point to the outcome of story is inevitable (Kenny, 1966: 18). Climax is generally present by the author in the end of the middle part of the story of a narrative work.2.2.1 Beginning
In a story there is a beginning where all the background of the story will tell. The writer will tell about the setting, the character and also information that the reader need. This statement is strongly by Burhan Nurgiyantoro in his book entitle Teoryi Pengkajian Fiksi. He says:
Tahap awal sebuah cerita biasanya disebut sebagai tahap perkenalan. Tahap perkenalan pada umumnya berisi sejumlah informasi penting yang berkaitan dengan berbagai hal yang akan dikisahkan pada tahap-tahap berikutnya. Ia misalnya, berupa penunjukan dan pengenalan latar, seperti nama-nama tempat, suasana alam, waktu kejadiannya (misalnya ada kaitan dengan waktu sejarah), dan lain-lain, yang pada garis besarnya berupa deskripsi setting. Selain itu tahap awal juga sering dipakai untuk pengenalan tokoh (- tokoh) cerita, mungkin berwujud deskripsi fisik, bahkan mungkin juga telah disinggung (walau secara implicit) perwatakannya.
Fungsi pokok tahap awal (atau: pembukaan) sebuah cerita adalah untuk memberikan informasi dan penjelasan seperlunya khususnya yang berkaitan dengan pelataran dan penokohan. Pengarang tertentu yang pandai dan teliti melukiskan suasana alam, latar, biasanya mengisi tahap awal cerita yang ditulisnya sengan deskripsi latar yang relatif panjang. Denga membaca pelukisan latar yang hidup itu, pembaca yang sudah berpengalaman akan sudah dapat ‘’menilai’’
After reads the information above, here will be concluded that in the beginning phase is consists of exposition, where in this phase we can find the number of important information related to the something that will be storied in the next phase. The main function of the beginning phase in the fiction works is to give information and description especially related to the setting and character.
Based on William Kenney this phase is called by exposition, exposition is the first thing we may note about this paragraph is that it provides us with a certain amount of information. Exposition of the component of the story which helps to establish the theme of the story is character and setting.2.2 Plot Structure
Plot is one of many elements in a novel that is important and connected each other and can’t be separated. Plot should be united, between one event with the other events, and should be connected. Theoretically, the plot of the story can be arranged in chronological steps. There are three structure of plot, which is Beginning, Middle, and The end. In this scientific writing I will discus about plot structure, bellow will be explained about the structure:
2.1 Definition of plot
There are many definitions of plot that the literary critics have put forward. Bellow is some literary critics, theory on plot; Plot is the important thing to express the mean of fiction. In plot, there are parts of which supporting that plot represent all important matter in a story. According to Kenney in his book How to analyze fiction, he defines as in the following:
Plot is the highest importance in expressing the meaning of a work of fiction. It is through plot that the author organizes the raw material of experience, and an author’s way in organizing experience must tell us a great deal about his way of understanding experience that is, about the meaning experience has form him. Surely our sense of the meaning of experience is closely tied to our understanding of what cause what, and it is the business of plot to clarify causal relationship. (Kenney, 1966: 23)
Further, Kenney defines that plot reveals events to us, not only in their temporal, but also in their causal relationship. Plot makes us aware of events not merely as elements in a temporal series but also as an intricate pattern of cause and effect. By plot in fiction then we mean not simply the events recounted in the story but the author’s arrangement of those events according to their causal relationship (Kenney 1966:13-14). Foster says that plot is the sequence of events in fiction that emphasizes their casual relationship with each other and has intellectual characters. (Quoted by Nurgiyantoro, 1995: 113-114). Stanton says that plot is the sequence of events in fiction that have the casual relationship with each other one event causes other event or is the cause of other event (Stanton in Nurgiyantoro, 1995: 113).C Hugh Holman (1962: 217) in Made Sukada says that in a story, plot itself is the element of structure. Cleanth Brooks and Robert Penn Warsen in their book entitle Understanding Fiction (1959: 77) says that plot is what happen in a story – that is a good rough-and- ready way to put the matter. Plot we may say is the structure of an action as presented in a piece of fiction. It is not, we shall note, the structure of an action as we happen to find it out in the world. But the structure within the story, It is, in other words, what the teller of the story has done to the action in order to present it to us.
Plot represents something that determines everything which does not there in drama book. Besides as plot is tragedy, plot is also represents soul of the fiction, this matter earns us see in the following description according to Christopher R. Reaske.
Plot is the soul of tragedy; plot is subject to considered artistic manipulation, though there is usually a general commitment on the writer’s part either to a plot resembling the episode nature of epic or to one resembling to climatic nature of drama. Plot is the relation of incident to each other, and more importantly to the whole of the book. The structure of the plot is simply the pattern of the incidents, early in the story connect very well to things which happen later, each incident (and there are many of them) relates to the overall progression of the story (Reaske, 1970: 166)
So, plot has simple structure which must there in a fiction.
In plot happen any sequent incident to make the story interested to read. These matters we can see in the following description according to Laurence Perrin in her book entitle Literature structure, Sound, and Sense. She says that:
Plot is the sequent of incidents or event of which a story is composed. When recounted by itself, it bears about the same relationship to a story that a map does to a journey. Just as a map maybe drawn on a finer or grosser scale, so a plot maybe recounted with lesser or greater detail. It may include what a character says or thinks, as well as what he does. But it leaves out description and analysis and concentrates ordinarily on major happenings ( Perrine, 1963: 42)
RELATED STUDIES
It can be suggested that many fictional work has a plot. Thus plot as a part of intrinsic component of fiction may be said as a component which must be used in fiction itself. As said above the plot of the story of fiction has a structure. Its structure is principally build up by several components they are beginning, middle, and ending.
As suggested above, one of the literary works is novel. As we know novel is a picture of real life and of the time which it is written. Novels have many characters, many settings and contain many messages. This narrative work is principally produce using two literary elements that is intrinsic and extrinsic element. Extrinsic element will cover out side of the work such as historical factor, sociological, psychological, and philosophy related to the literary work. The intrinsic element will cover the part in the body structure of the work itself such as plot, setting, theme, character, point of view and style.
Plot reveals event to us, not only their temporal, but also their temporal relationship. (Kenney, 1966: 13). Started that plot is elements from fiction from which are important. What are some people believe important between another elements of fiction (Nurgiyantoro, 1995: 110)
Theme is meaning, but it is not ‘hidden’ and it is not illustrated. Theme is the meaning of the story releases it may be the meaning the story this covers (Kenney, 1966: 91). Theme is meaning totality which was supported by the story of only itself if will hidden on back side of the story which had supported (Kenney, 1995: 68)
Character obviously relevant to us and our experience if it is like ourselves or like others whom we know (Kenney, 1966: 27), Character is the actor of the story (Nurgiyantoro, 1995: 165). Character are the persons presented in works of narrative or a drama who convey their personal qualities through dialog and action by which the reader or audience understand their thoughts, feelings, intentions and motives. Character in a story may be a human being or an animal. The character in a fiction only exist the world of the story no matter how much they may resemble people we know. The need and devices of fiction govern them or they are revealed through the strategies of the narrative. The quality of the story depends on the author’s ability to play with character in term of how to make the character seems real to be believable. In a story the character will be involved in a conflict, the nature and use of the character in any story determined by the purposes of the writer. Based on the function or the role of the character in a fiction, character is divided into:
- main character
Main character is categorized as the important one and appears continually, so, that it seems to determinate almost the whole part of the story. Shortly, main character is a character consistently support the author’s idea, has much more portrayal that the other character. In other word, main character is involved in the greatest part in the relative description more than other character.
- secondary character
Secondary character is the character that has an important role also in the story because a secondary character gives influence the role of the main character very much.
- complimentary or supporting character
Complimentary character is the character that supports other character, in a story, the role of the complimentary character however is less dominant that the secondary characters, their appearance is just to complete serve and support the main character.
After explain about character, here will be explained about setting because setting has important role and has interconnected with the plot. Setting is part of fiction. Setting is as one of important elements of novel is the element of primary importance in particular author. Setting refers to the point in time and space in which the events of the plot occur. Setting is the element of fiction which reveal to us, where and when of event. In other words, the term “setting” refer to the point in time and space at which the events of the plot occur (Kenney, 1966: 38). Setting can be divided into two type, they are the psychological setting and physical setting.. Physical setting is setting which is closely related to the place, the name of city, village, market, school, church, restaurant and other places and things in certain environment of which do not nuance of sense. And psychological setting is an environment setting or something in a certain environment which cab give us nuance of sense. In this paper I would like to discuss the only physical setting. The reader will see and understand it from what has been drawn up in a story; no interpretation is needed to understand it. It can be seen in the following quotation according to Burhan Nurgiyantoro in his book entitled Teori Pengkajian Fiksi. Nurgiyantoro says:
Membaca sebuah novel kita akan bertemu dengan lokasi tertentu seperti nama
From the information above, it can be concluded that by setting we can kwon clearly about the story in a fiction works, setting refers to point in time and space at which the events of the plot occur,
I would like to see physical setting from:
a. Place setting, where of the story takes place
Place as the dominant element in work of literature especially novel show
the spatial setting, or place, dominates are generally classified as examples
a local color or regionalism. It consists of place or building that can be seen
for example at office, restaurant, hotel, college, in the garden, the name of
city or the details room of interior.
b. time setting, when the action of story occurs.
It consists of years, month, day, date, hour, season, or historical period.
Besides explain about setting, here will be explained about point of view because point of view has important role and has interconnected with the plot. Point of view is basically a strategy, technically tactic chooses intentionally by the author to expose the idea and the story (Nurgiyantoro, 1995: 248). Point of view has several meaning decided the limited, technical one it has in critical analysis of fiction (Kenney, 1966: 46)
After explain about point of view, here will be explained about style because style has interconnected with the plot. Style is a technical of choosing style of language which is well match with the story (Nurgiyantoro, 1995: 227). Style is the verbal texture of literature author’s way of using language (Kenney, 1966: 61).
In this paper I would like to minimize the subject in one of the intrinsic elements and it is the plot of the novel. And this case I would like to analyze the plot structure of the novel Heartbeat by Danielle Steel. Before discuss about plot structure here will be describe the definition of the plot bellow.
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